What is the construction process of steel structure engineering

What is the construction process of steel structure engineering

The construction process of steel structure engineering is centered around "factory processing+on-site installation", and can be divided into four stages: construction preparation, component processing, on-site installation, and acceptance and closure. Each link is closely connected and requires strict precision control.

1、 Construction preparation stage

This stage is the foundation for the smooth progress of the project, requiring the completion of three core tasks: technology, materials, and on-site work.

Technical preparation: Deepen the design and construction drawings, clarify details such as component dimensions and connection methods; Organize technical briefings to ensure that the construction team understands the design requirements; Develop a specialized construction plan, including lifting plans, emergency plans, etc.

Material preparation: Purchase steel (such as Q355B), bolts, welding materials, etc. that meet the standards; Materials entering the site must be inspected for mechanical properties, chemical composition, and other indicators. Only after passing the inspection can they be used.

On site preparation: Clean up the construction site, level and harden the site; Build temporary facilities (such as processing sheds, offices); Set up a survey control network and use a total station and a level to determine reference points and elevations.

2、 Component factory processing stage

The completion of component production in the factory during this stage is the key to ensuring the quality of the steel structure. The main process is as follows.

Raw material processing: After the steel enters the site, rust removal (mainly shot blasting) is carried out to achieve the designed rust removal level; Cut steel according to the drawing, commonly using CNC plasma cutting and laser cutting to ensure a smooth cut.

Component forming: Assemble the cut steel into steel columns, steel beams, and other components by assembling the web plate, flange plate, etc; Fixed by welding (submerged arc welding, gas shielded welding), non-destructive testing (UT/MT) is required after welding to identify internal defects.

Component processing: The welded components are corrected (mechanical correction or flame correction) to ensure flatness; Finally, anti-corrosion coating (primer+topcoat) should be carried out, and the coating thickness should meet the design requirements. After the paint dries, the component number should be marked.

3、 On site installation phase

On site installation should be carried out according to the principle of "bottom first, top second, main second", and the core steps are as follows.

Basic acceptance and treatment: Check the axis, elevation, and pre embedded bolt position of the concrete foundation. If the deviation exceeds the standard, adjustments should be made; Clean the oil stains on the surface of the embedded bolts and verify the exposed length of the bolts.

Installation of main components: First, lift the steel column, fix it with temporary fixed brackets, correct the verticality, and then tighten the anchor bolts; Lift the steel beams again and connect them to the steel columns with high-strength bolts to form a stable frame system; Real time measurement and calibration are required during the installation process to control component deviations.

Secondary components and enclosure installation: Install secondary components such as purlins, supports, and braces to enhance structural stability; Finally, install the roof and wall enclosure system (such as color steel plates) and ensure proper sealing and waterproofing treatment.

4、 Acceptance and Closing Stage

This stage requires completion of quality inspection and project closure to ensure that the project is delivered in compliance with standards.

Sub item acceptance: Conduct acceptance on component connections (bolt torque, weld quality), structural dimensions (axis, elevation, verticality), anti-corrosion coating, etc., and issue inspection reports.

Overall acceptance: Organize design, supervision, construction and other units to conduct completion acceptance, check the structural safety and whether the functional use meets the specifications; Sign the acceptance documents after passing the acceptance inspection.

Project completion: Clean up the construction site and remove temporary facilities; Organize technical data (drawings, inspection reports, acceptance records, etc.), archive them, and deliver them to the construction unit.

The entire process must strictly follow the "Quality Acceptance Standards for Construction of Steel Structures" (GB 50205), especially in the aspects of component processing accuracy, on-site installation deviation, welding quality, etc., which need to be fully controlled to ensure structural safety.